Race Condition

definition:

A race condition occurs when multiple processes or threads access shared resources simultaneously, and the final outcome depends on the unpredictable timing of their execution.

example:

• Bank Account Scenario

# Shared bank account balance
balance = 1000

# Thread A: Withdraw $100
def withdraw_100():
    global balance
    temp = balance    # Read: 1000
    temp -= 100       # Calculate: 900
    balance = temp    # Write: 900

# Thread B: Withdraw $200
def withdraw_200():
    global balance
    temp = balance    # Read: 1000 (if executed simultaneously)
    temp -= 200       # Calculate: 800
    balance = temp    # Write: 800

More explanation about race condition can be found here.